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Concatenation

In PHP, you can concatenate strings using the dot operator (.). Here's a detailed explanation and some examples:

Basic Concatenation

<?php
$firstName = "John";
$lastName = "Doe";
// Concatenate first and last names
$fullName = $firstName . " " . $lastName;
echo $fullName; // Outputs "John Doe"
?>

Concatenation with Assignment

You can use the .= operator to append a string to an existing variable.

<?php
$greeting = "Hello";
$greeting .= " ";
$greeting .= "World!";
echo $greeting; // Outputs "Hello World!"
?>

Concatenation within Echo or Print

You can directly concatenate strings within an echo or print statement.

<?php
$city = "New York";
$state = "NY";
echo "I live in " . $city . ", " . $state . "."; // Outputs "I live in New York, NY."
?>

Concatenation in Function Calls

You can concatenate strings when passing them as arguments to functions.

<?php
function welcomeMessage($name) {
   return "Welcome, " . $name . "!";
}
echo welcomeMessage("Alice"); // Outputs "Welcome, Alice!"
?>

Concatenation with Variables and Literals

You can mix variables and literals in concatenation.

<?php
$day = "Monday";
$activity = "coding";
$sentence = "On " . $day . "s, I enjoy " . $activity . ".";
echo $sentence; // Outputs "On Mondays, I enjoy coding."
?>

Concatenation in Loops

You can use concatenation within loops to build strings dynamically.

<?php
$items = array("apple", "banana", "cherry");
$list = "";
foreach ($items as $item) {
   $list .= $item . ", ";
}
// Remove the trailing comma and space
$list = rtrim($list, ", ");
echo $list; // Outputs "apple, banana, cherry"
?>

Concatenation with HTML

You can concatenate strings to create HTML content.

<?php
$title = "PHP Concatenation";
$body = "This is a simple example.";
$html = "<html><head><title>" . $title . "</title></head>";
$html .= "<body><p>" . $body . "</p></body></html>";
echo $html;
?>

Example with Variables and HTML

Combining variables with HTML for dynamic content:

<?php
$name = "John";
$age = 30;
echo "<div>Name: " . $name . "</div>";
echo "<div>Age: " . $age . "</div>";
?>

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