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C++ is a general-purpose programming language created as an extension of the C programming language. It was originally developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983. The language offers both high-level and low-level programming capabilities and is often considered a "middle-level" language because of its ability to encapsulate both high- and low-level programming language features.

Key Features

Object-Oriented: C++ supports object-oriented programming, a paradigm that allows for the organisation of code around "objects" or complex data structures that have both data fields (attributes) and behaviors (methods).
Performance: C++ allows for low-level memory manipulation and offers features that enable high performance, making it suitable for system development, game development, real-time systems, etc.
Standard Library: C++ comes with a rich set of libraries called the Standard Template Library (STL), which provides several data structures (like vectors, maps, sets) and algorithms (like sort, find) that simplify many complex operations.
Overloading: The language supports function overloading as well as operator overloading, allowing for cleaner code and more intuitive interaction with objects.
Multiple Inheritance: C++ allows for multiple inheritance of classes, although this feature can lead to complications like the "diamond problem".
Templates: C++ supports template programming, allowing for generic programming.
Portability: Code written in C++ can be portable, although certain platform-specific features and the use of third-party libraries may reduce portability.
Strong Typing: The language is strongly typed, although there are ways to bypass the type system for low-level operations.
 

C++ Use
The use of C++ varies widely across different domains due to its versatility and the range of features it offers. Here are some common use-cases:
Systems Programming
C++ is commonly used in the development of system/software drivers and operating systems. It provides the low-level features needed to interact directly with hardware, making it suitable for such tasks.
Game Development
C++ is a staple in game development. Its efficiency and ability to do low-level memory manipulation make it ideal for high-speed graphics, physics simulations, and other game-related tasks.
Real-Time Systems
In systems that require immediate response, like robotics, real-time trading, and avionics, C++ is invaluable because of its execution speed.
Embedded Systems
C++ is used in firmware programming for embedded systems. This could range from medical machines to IoT devices.
Financial Systems
Its speed and efficiency make C++ ideal for financial trading systems where microseconds can make a million-dollar difference.
GUI-Based Applications
Several libraries and frameworks, such as Qt, are available for building GUI applications using C++.
3D Graphics
C++ is frequently used in the development of professional-grade 3D graphics software like AutoCAD and Maya, rendering engines, and more.
Scientific Computing
Although languages like Python and R are becoming more prevalent in scientific computing, C++ is still used for scenarios where performance is a concern.
Audio and Video Processing
Due to its performance characteristics, C++ is widely used in audio, video, and image processing, often where real-time performance is crucial.
Web Back-Ends
Though not as common as some other languages (like Python, Java, or JavaScript), C++ can be used for web server development, particularly where performance and reliability are critical.
Networking
C++ is commonly used in the development of network device drivers and high-performance network servers and clients.
Artificial Intelligence
While high-level languages like Python are generally used for AI and machine learning model training, C++ can be used to implement and deploy models for better performance.
Libraries and Frameworks
Many software libraries and frameworks are implemented in C++, either for performance reasons or because of its versatility.
Cross-Platform Development
With frameworks like Qt, C++ can be used to develop applications that run on multiple platforms (Windows, macOS, Linux, etc.) without modification.


Software
There are many text editors available for writing and editing C++ code, some of the most popular include:
Visual Studio Code: A popular, open-source, and cross-platform text editor that is highly customizable and has a wide range of plugins available to support C++ development.
Sublime Text: A fast, feature-rich, and popular text editor that has a large number of plugins and packages available, including support for C++.
Atom: Another popular open-source text editor that is highly customizable and has a large number of packages available to support C++ development.
Code::Blocks: A fully-featured, open-source, and cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) that supports multiple programming languages, including C++.
Dev-C++: An open-source IDE for C++ that provides a simple and easy-to-use interface for developing C++ applications.
Ultimately, the best text editor for you will depend on your personal preferences, the features you need, and the platforms you work on.
Clion: Clion is develop by jet brains for c++ development.