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Acholi botany is deeply rooted in the traditional knowledge of plants for food, medicine, crafts, and environmental conservation. The Acholi people have long relied on native trees, shrubs, and grasses for survival, using them for nutrition, herbal treatments, and construction. Common plants such as Shea Nut (Yaa), Neem (Nima), and Baobab (Got) are essential in daily life, providing edible oils, medicinal extracts, and materials for craft-making. Through generations, Acholi elders and healers have passed down plant knowledge orally, teaching younger generations about the importance of plants in healing, spiritual rituals, and sustainable living.

The region's diverse natural vegetation includes savanna woodlands, riverine forests, and grasslands, which support a wide range of plant species adapted to varying climates. Some plants, such as Acacia (Ayugi) and Tamarind (Cwa), are known for their drought resistance, while wetland species like Papyrus (Kolo) thrive near water bodies and are used for weaving mats and baskets. With changing weather patterns and deforestation, however, many traditional plants are under threat, requiring conservation efforts through agroforestry and sustainable harvesting. Local communities have begun planting native trees, preserving medicinal plants in home gardens, and practicing organic farming to ensure the continued availability of these valuable resources.

Today, efforts to document Acholi botany are increasing, with researchers and conservationists working to record plant knowledge for future generations. Community-led initiatives such as tree planting programs, seed banks, and school-based botanical education are helping to revive interest in traditional plant uses and environmental protection. By blending modern scientific research with local knowledge, Acholi botany remains a vital resource for health, food security, and ecological balance in the region. Ensuring the survival of native plants requires a collective effort from communities, researchers, and policymakers to protect biodiversity and uphold cultural heritage.